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from abc import ABC, abstractmethod class Observer(ABC): """ Interface untuk objek yang 'mengamati' (biasanya View). """ @abstractmethod def update(self, subject, *args, **kwargs): pass class Observable: """ Kelas dasar untuk objek yang 'diamati' (biasanya Model). Memiliki daftar pengamat (observers) dan memberi tahu mereka jika ada perubahan. """ def __init__(self): self._observers = [] def add_observer(self, observer: Observer): if observer not in self._observers: self._observers.append(observer) def remove_observer(self, observer: Observer): if observer in self._observers: self._observers.remove(observer) def notify_observers(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Memberi tahu semua observer bahwa ada perubahan data. """ for observer in self._observers: observer.update(self, *args, **kwargs)
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