\documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{geometry} [a4paper,lmargin=1.5cm,rmargin=1.5cm,Botton=1.5cm,top=1.5cm] \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \usepackage{lastpage} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{cancel} \usepackage[all]{xy} \usepackage{pstricks} \usepackage{pst-all} \usepackage{pst-solides3d} \usepackage{fancybox} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{tikz-3dplot} \usepackage{gnuplottex} \tikzset{flippedeventlabel/.append style={align=center}} \usetikzlibrary{matrix.skeleton} \usetikzlibrary[shapes,arrows,positioning,fit,backgrounds,intersections,shadows,calc,shadings] \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \usetikzlibrary{decorations.text} \usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing} \pgfdeclarelayer{background layer} \pgfdeclarelayer{foreground layer} \pgfsetlayers{background layer,main,foreground layer} \usepackage{color,colortbl} \usepackage{lscape} \usepackage{pgfplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=newest} \usetikzlibrary{datavisualization} \usetikzlibrary[shapes,arrows.meta,positioning,fit,backgrounds,intersections,shadows,calc,datavisualization.formats.functions] \usetikzlibrary{patterns} \usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,filecolor=magenta,urlcolor=blue]{hyperref} \urlstyle{same} %Paquete de estilo de referencias \begin{document} \pagecolor{blue!55!green!90} \tikz {\draw (0,0) node[right,fill=black,text width=7.5cm,rounded corners=10pt] { \begin{flushright} \textcolor{white}{\textbf{Sobre Funciones Generalizadas En Física}}\\ \textcolor{yellow}{Nimrod Rodríguez}\\ \href{SITIO WEB}{\underline{\textcolor{red}{enlace:} \textcolor{green}{Código \LaTeX} }} \end{flushright} }} \renewcommand{\sin}{sen} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale =1,information text/.style={rounded corners=7pt, fill=blue,inner sep=2ex}] \draw (0,5)[xshift=2.3cm] node [left,text width=10cm, information text,scale=1.3] {\begin{minipage}{10cm}\bf\color{white} \begin{center} \shadowbox{Función Delta de Dirac}\\ \end{center} En los primeros ejercicios del libro que se usaba como texto en un curso de Física, aparecían estos problemas de cálculo:\\ Dada la siguiente definición:\\ \tikz \draw (0,0) node[fill=black,text width=9cm] { \[ \delta (x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rl} 0, & si\ x \neq 0\\ \infty, & si\ x = 0\\ \end{array} \hspace{0.3cm} con: \hspace{0.3cm} \displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \!\!\delta (x)\ \mathrm{d}x = 1 \right. \] }; Evaluar las siguientes integrales: \tikz \draw (0,0) node[fill=black,text width=9cm] { \begin{itemize} \item $\displaystyle\int_{-3}^{+1} \!\!(x^3-3x^2+2x-1)\ \delta(x+2)\mathrm{d}x$ \item $\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\infty} \!\![\cos(3x)+2]\ \delta(x-\pi)\mathrm{d}x$ \item $\displaystyle\int_{-1}^{+1} \!\! e^{|x|+3} \ \delta(x-2)\mathrm{d}x$ \end{itemize} }; Hasta aquí todo iba bien, pero cuando se llegó al ejercicio:\\ Demostrar que:\\ \tikz \draw (0,0) node[fill=black,text width=9cm] { $$\delta (x)\ =\frac{1}{2\pi}\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \!\! e^{ikx} \ \mathrm{d}k$$ }; Aquí el asunto era ya de un análisis más cuidadoso. \end{minipage}}; \end{tikzpicture} \begin{figure}[ht!] \centering \tikz \draw (0,0) node[fill=black,text width=12cm,inner sep=5ex,rounded corners] { \tdplotsetmaincoords{80}{110} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5,tdplot_main_coords,radius=0.5pt, information text/.style={rounded corners,color=white, fill=blue,inner sep=2ex}] \draw[red,thick,<->] (-1,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=west]{ }; \draw[orange,thick,<->] (0,-1,0) -- (0,1,0); \draw[yellow,thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,3) node[white,anchor=west]{$f_n(x)= \frac{1}{2\epsilon_n}, \ -\epsilon_n \leq x\leq \epsilon_n,\ $0 en otro caso}; \draw (0,1.3,0)node[white]{\textbf{$\epsilon_n$}}; \draw (0,-1.4,0)node[white]{\textbf{$-\ \epsilon_n$}}; \foreach \a in {0.20,0.25,...,0.60} { \pgfmathparse{100*\a-10} \pgfmathsetmacro {\b}{1/(2*\a)}; \pgfmathsetmacro {\c}{-1*\a}; \draw[white] (0,\c,0)--(0,\c,\b)--(0,\a,\b)--(0,\a,0); } \draw [xshift=1.85cm] node [right,text width=4cm, information text,scale=0.75] { La figura muestra la sugerencia en la que se aproxima la funcion delta de Dirac, mediante funciones rectangulares normalizadas ($A_n=2\epsilon_n\ ×\frac{1}{2\epsilon_n} =1$), y asi lograr $\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \!\!\delta (x)\ \mathrm{d}x = 1$ }; \end{tikzpicture} }; \end{figure} \end{document}