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	- Project: Moisture Management
	- Source Code NOT compiled for: Arduino Mega
	- Source Code created on: 2024-08-18 14:36:40

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/****** SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS *****/
/****** SYSTEM REQUIREMENT 1 *****/
	/* The Arduino-based irrigation system shall */
	/* continuously read soil moisture data from an */
	/* analog input, process the data, and trigger */
	/* irrigation actions based on predefined moisture */
	/* thresholds. */
/****** END SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS *****/

/****** DEFINITION OF LIBRARIES *****/

/****** FUNCTION PROTOTYPES *****/
void setup(void);
void loop(void);
void updateInputs();
void convertInputsFromRawToPhyData();
void triggerIrrigation(bool state);

/***** DEFINITION OF ANALOG INPUT PINS *****/
const uint8_t Soil1_PIN_A0 = A0; // Pin for soil moisture sensor
const uint8_t IRRIGATION_PIN = 9; // Define a digital pin for irrigation control

/****** DEFINITION OF ANALOG INPUTS CHARACTERISTIC CURVES *****/
const uint8_t SEGMENT_POINTS_voltage_Moisture_PIN_A0 = 2;
const float voltage_Moisture_PIN_A0_lookup[2][SEGMENT_POINTS_voltage_Moisture_PIN_A0] =
{
    {0.0, 5.0},   // Voltage [V]
    {0.0, 100.0}  // Moisture [M]
};

/***** DEFINITION OF INPUT RAW VARIABLES *****/
/***** used to store raw data *****/
unsigned int Soil1_PIN_A0_rawData = 0; // Analog Input

/***** DEFINITION OF INPUT PHYSICAL VARIABLES *****/
/***** used to store data after characteristic curve transformation *****/
float Soil1_PIN_A0_phyData = 0.0; // Moisture [M]

/***** DEFINITION OF THRESHOLDS *****/
const float MOISTURE_THRESHOLD_LOW = 30.0; // Lower threshold for moisture
const float MOISTURE_THRESHOLD_HIGH = 60.0; // Upper threshold for moisture

void setup(void)
{
    // Initialize the analog input pin
    pinMode(Soil1_PIN_A0, INPUT);
    // Initialize the irrigation control pin
    pinMode(IRRIGATION_PIN, OUTPUT);
    // Ensure irrigation is off at the start
    digitalWrite(IRRIGATION_PIN, LOW);
}

void loop(void)
{
    // Refresh input data
    updateInputs();
    // Convert raw data to physical data
    convertInputsFromRawToPhyData();
    // Trigger irrigation based on moisture levels
    triggerIrrigation(Soil1_PIN_A0_phyData < MOISTURE_THRESHOLD_LOW);
}

void updateInputs()
{
    Soil1_PIN_A0_rawData = analogRead(Soil1_PIN_A0); // Read raw soil moisture data
}

/* BLOCK lookup_phyData_from_voltage */
float lookup_phyData_from_voltage(float voltage, int segment_points, const float* voltage_phyData_lookup)
{
	// Search table for appropriate value.
	uint8_t index = 0;

	const float *voltagePointer = &voltage_phyData_lookup[0];
	const float *phyDataPointer = &voltage_phyData_lookup[segment_points];

	// Perform minimum and maximum voltage saturation based on characteristic curve
	voltage = min(voltage, voltagePointer[segment_points-1]);
	voltage = max(voltage, voltagePointer[0]);

	while( voltagePointer[index] <= voltage && index < segment_points )
		index++;

	// If index is zero, physical value is smaller than our table range
	if( index==0 )
	{
		return map_f( voltage,
			voltagePointer[0],   // X1
			voltagePointer[1],   // X2
			phyDataPointer[0],   // Y1
			phyDataPointer[1] ); // Y2
	}
	// If index is maxed out, phyisical value is larger than our range.
	else if( index==segment_points )
	{
		return map_f( voltage,
			voltagePointer[segment_points-2],   // X1
			voltagePointer[segment_points-1],   // X2
			phyDataPointer[segment_points-2],   // Y1
			phyDataPointer[segment_points-1] ); // Y2
	}
	// index is between 0 and max, just right
	else
	{
		return map_f( voltage,
			voltagePointer[index-1], // X1
			voltagePointer[index],    // X2
			phyDataPointer[index-1], // Y1
			phyDataPointer[index] );  // Y2
	}
}
/* END BLOCK lookup_phyData_from_voltage */

/* BLOCK map_f */
float map_f(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max)
{
	return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}
/* END BLOCK map_f */

/* BLOCK convertInputsFromRawToPhyData */
void convertInputsFromRawToPhyData()
{
	float voltage = 0.0;

	voltage = Soil1_PIN_A0_rawData * (5.0 / 1023.0);
	Soil1_PIN_A0_phyData = lookup_phyData_from_voltage(voltage, SEGMENT_POINTS_voltage_Moisture_PIN_A0, &(voltage_Moisture_PIN_A0_lookup[0][0]));

}
/* END BLOCK convertInputsFromRawToPhyData */

/* BLOCK triggerIrrigation */
void triggerIrrigation(bool state)
{
    if (state)
    {
        digitalWrite(IRRIGATION_PIN, HIGH); // Turn on irrigation
    }
    else
    {
        digitalWrite(IRRIGATION_PIN, LOW); // Turn off irrigation
    }
}
/* END BLOCK triggerIrrigation */

/* END CODE */