#include #include #include #include using namespace std; const int maxn = 1e5 + 10; int n, m; vector graph[maxn]; int discoverable_time[maxn]; int low_link[maxn]; bool visited[maxn]; int current_time = 0; void dfs(int node, int parent = -1) { visited[node] = true; low_link[node] = current_time; discoverable_time[node] = current_time; current_time++; for(int i = 0; i < (int) graph[node].size(); i++) { int neighbour = graph[node][i]; if(neighbour != parent) { if(visited[neighbour]) { low_link[node] = min(low_link[node], discoverable_time[neighbour]); } else { dfs(neighbour, node); if(discoverable_time[node] < low_link[neighbour]) { cout << "Bridge between: " << node + 1 << " " << neighbour + 1 << endl; } low_link[node] = min(low_link[node], low_link[neighbour]); } } } } void bridges() { for(int i = 0; i < maxn; i++) { visited[i] = false; discoverable_time[i] = -1; low_link[i] = -1; } for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(!visited[i]) { dfs(i); } } } int main() { cin >> n >> m; for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int a, b; cin >> a >> b; a--; b--; graph[a].push_back(b); graph[b].push_back(a); } bridges(); return 0; }