#include #include #include #include using namespace std; typedef long long ll; int main() { int t; cin >> t; while(t--) { ll a, b; cin >> a >> b; ll result = 0; for(ll i = 32; i >= 0; i--) { if((a & (1 << i)) == (b & (1 << i))) { result |= (a & (1 << i)); } else { break; } } cout << result << endl; } return 0; }