sudo apt install qemu-system

# get image
wget "https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/bookworm/latest/debian-12-nocloud-amd64.qcow2"

# start VM with port forwarding
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -hda debian-12-nocloud-amd64.qcow2 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5022-:22

#in VM
apt update
apt install -y gpm nmap
apt reinstall openssh-server

adduser newuser

# set PasswordAuthentication yes
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

/etc/init.d/sshd restart

# webserver
# start VM with port forwarding
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -hda debian-12-nocloud-amd64.qcow2 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5080-:80

apt install apache2

# headless
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -hda debian-12-nocloud-amd64.qcow2 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5080-:80 -nographic

# both ports forwarded
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 1G -hda debian-12-nocloud-amd64.qcow2 -nic user,hostfwd=tcp::5080-:80,hostfwd=tcp::5022-:22 -nographic