-- Especifica el nombre de la tabla y el atributo que estás buscando
DECLARE @NombreTabla NVARCHAR(128) = '';
DECLARE @NombreAtributo NVARCHAR(128) = '';

-- Consulta para obtener las claves foráneas que hacen referencia al atributo en la tabla
SELECT 
    OBJECT_NAME(f.parent_object_id) AS TablaReferente,
    COL_NAME(fc.parent_object_id, fc.parent_column_id) AS AtributoReferente,
    OBJECT_NAME(f.referenced_object_id) AS TablaReferenciada,
    COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) AS AtributoReferenciado,
    f.name AS NombreConstraint
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS f
INNER JOIN 
    sys.foreign_key_columns AS fc ON f.object_id = fc.constraint_object_id
WHERE 
    OBJECT_NAME(f.referenced_object_id) = @NombreTabla
    AND COL_NAME(fc.referenced_object_id, fc.referenced_column_id) = @NombreAtributo;