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% Устанавливаем класс документа 'article' и определяем базовые параметры макета.
\documentclass[14pt,a4paper]{article}

% Подключение пакетов для работы с текстом и шрифтами
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc} % Поддержка кодировки шрифтов T1 и расширенной поддержки кириллицы.
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Позволяет вводить текст в кодировке UTF-8.

% Поддержка русского языка
\usepackage[russian]{babel} % Обеспечивает поддержку набора текста на русском языке.

% Математические пакеты
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm} % Форматирование математических формул и символов.

% Работа с символами
\usepackage{gensymb, textcomp} % Обеспечивает поддержку общих символов, включая символы градусов и др.

% Улучшенное форматирование таблиц
\usepackage{array, booktabs, multirow, makecell} % Расширенные опции для форматирования колонок и таблиц.

% Переименуем Содержание в ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\contentsname}{\centering ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ}}

% Управление библиографией:
% Определение стиля библиографии согласно ГОСТ 7.0.5.
\addto\captionsrussian{
  % \renewcommand{\refname}{\centering СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ}
  \renewcommand{\refname}{\centering СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ}
}

% Работа с графикой
\usepackage{stackengine, tikz, graphicx, subcaption, float} % Поддержка включения графики и управление плавающими объектами.

% Настройки для вставки исходного кода
\usepackage{listings, xcolor} % Печать исходного кода в LaTeX.

% Пользовательские определения цветов для кода
\definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
\definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
\definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
\definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.92}

% Настройки для отображения кода
\lstset{
    backgroundcolor=\color{backcolour},
    commentstyle=\color{codegreen},
    keywordstyle=\color{orange},
    numberstyle=\tiny\color{codegray},
    stringstyle=\color{codepurple},
    basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,
    breakatwhitespace=false,
    breaklines=true,
    captionpos=b,
    keepspaces=true,
    numbers=left,
    numbersep=5pt,
    showspaces=false,
    showstringspaces=false,
    showtabs=false,
    tabsize=2
}

% Форматирование документа
\setlength{\parindent}{1cm} % Устанавливает отступ абзаца.
\usepackage{setspace}
\setstretch{1.5}  % Устанавливает полуторные интервалы в тексте.

% Отключение переносов
\hyphenpenalty=10000 

% Размеры шрифтов согласно ГОСТ
\renewcommand{\tiny}{\fontsize{7}{8.4pt}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\scriptsize}{\fontsize{9}{11pt}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\footnotesize}{\fontsize{11}{13.6pt}\selectfont}
\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{14}{18pt}\selectfont}

% Стили заголовков согласно ГОСТ
\renewcommand{\thesection}{\arabic{section}.}
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\arabic{section}.\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{subsubsection}.}

\usepackage{titlesec}  % Пакет для настройки заголовков разделов.

% Установим единый внешний вид для раздела, подраздела, подподраздела
\titleformat*{\section}{\normalsize\bfseries}
\titleformat*{\subsection}{\normalsize\bfseries}
\titleformat*{\subsubsection}{\normalsize\bfseries}

% Поля документа по ГОСТ
\usepackage[left=30mm, right=15mm, top=20mm, bottom=30mm]{geometry}

% Отступ первого абзаца каждой главы
\usepackage{indentfirst}

% Русификация перечислений
\makeatletter
% Переопределение нижнего регистра алфавитного счетчика на полностью кириллический.
\renewcommand*{\@alph}[1]{%
  \ifcase#1\or а\or б\or в\or г\or
    д\or е\or ё\or ж\or з\or и\or й\or
    к\or л\or м\or н\or о\or п\or р\or с\or т\or
    у\or ф\or х\or ц\or ч\or
    ш\or щ\or ы\or э\or ю\or
    я\else\@ctrerr\fi
}
% Переопределение верхнего регистра алфавитного счетчика на полностью кириллический.
\renewcommand*{\@Alph}[1]{%
  \ifcase#1\or А\or Б\or В\or Г\or
    Д\or Е\or Ё\or Ж\or З\or И\or Й\or
    К\or Л\or М\or Н\or О\or П\or Р\or С\or Т\or
    У\or Ф\or Х\or Ц\or Ч\or
    Ш\or Щ\or Ы\or Э\or Ю\or
    Я\else\@ctrerr\fi
}
\makeatother

% Подключение пакета для работы с базами данных, в том числе для обработки CSV файлов.
\usepackage{datatool}

\newcommand*{\addacronym}[2]{%
  \DTLnewrow{acronyms}
  \DTLnewdbentry{acronyms}{Acronym}{#1}
  \DTLnewdbentry{acronyms}{Description}{#2}
}

\newcommand{\tocfill}{\dotfill}  % Simplified definition for filling dots.

\newcommand{\abbrlabel}[1]{\makebox[3cm][l]{\textbf{#1}\ \tocfill}}

\newenvironment{abbreviations}{
  \begin{list}{}{%
    \renewcommand{\makelabel}{\abbrlabel}
    \setlength{\labelwidth}{3cm}
    \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth+\labelsep}
    \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}
  }
}{
  \end{list}
}

% Пакет для набора нотации Дирака (bra-ket) в квантовой механике.
\usepackage{braket}

% Пакет для позиционирования элементов LaTeX на изображениях с указанием процентных координат.
\usepackage[percent]{overpic}

% Определение команды для вставки маркера списка (буллета) внутри таблиц или текста.
\newcommand{\tabitem}{~~\llap{\textbullet}~~}

% Определение нового типа колонки 'L' для таблиц, который обеспечивает выравнивание текста по левому краю.
% 'm{#1}' - указывает на вертикальное выравнивание содержимого по центру колонки.
% '>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}' - разрешает использовать команды перевода строки в колонке.
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}

% Определение нового типа колонки 'C' для таблиц, который обеспечивает выравнивание текста по центру.
% 'm{#1}' - указывает на вертикальное выравнивание содержимого по центру колонки.
% '>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}' - разрешает использовать команды перевода строки в колонке и обеспечивает центрирование текста.
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}}

% Гиперссылки
% Важно загружать в конце
\usepackage{hyperref} % Расширенная поддержка гиперссылок в LaTeX.
\hypersetup{
    colorlinks,
    citecolor=black,
    filecolor=black,
    linkcolor=black,
    urlcolor=black,
}

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\begin{document}

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%                          ГОСТ/                        %
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% настройка отступов
\setlength{\parindent}{1.25cm} 

% убираем висячие строки  и подобное безобразие
\sloppy   

% Запрещаем разрыв страницы после первой строки абзаца
\clubpenalty=10000	

% Запрещаем разрыв страницы перед последней строкой абзаца
\widowpenalty=10000		

% Полуторный интервал
\onehalfspacing   

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%                         /ГОСТ                         %
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%                    Титульный лист/                    %
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\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{titlepage}
\begin{center}
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ \\
«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ\\
имени М.В.ЛОМОНОСОВА»
\vspace{0.4cm}

ФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ\\
\vspace{0.4cm}
КАФЕДРА ФОТОНИКИ И ФИЗИКИ МИКРОВОЛН\\

\vspace{0.4cm}
БАКАЛАВРСКАЯ РАБОТА \\
\vspace{0.4cm}

\textbf{<<Разработка алгоритмов расчёта карт вентиляции лёгких для функциональной пульмональной магнитно-резонансной томографии>>}

\end{center}

\begin{flushright}
\vspace{0.7cm}

Выполнил студент \\
XXX группы\\
Фамилия Имя Отчество \\
\underline{\hspace{4cm}}\\

Научный руководитель:\\
к.ф.-м.н., ведущий инженер кафедры медицинской физики МГУ\\
\vspace{-0.2cm}
имени М.В. Ломоносова\\
Фамилия Имя Отчество \\
\underline{\hspace{4cm}}\\

Научный консультант:\\
профессор, д.ф.-м.н., профессор кафедры фотоники и физики\\ 
\vspace{-0.2cm}
микроволн МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова\\

Фамилия Имя Отчество\\
\underline{\hspace{4cm}}\\

\end{flushright}
\begin{flushleft}
Допущен к защите \guillemotleft \underline{\hspace{7mm}} \hspace{-3.6mm} \guillemotright \hspace{1pt} \underline{\hspace{4cm}} 2022 г.\\
И.О. зав кафедрой
к.ф.-м.н., доцент Фамилия И.О. \underline{\hspace{3cm}} \\
\end{flushleft}
\begin{center}
\vspace{0.4cm}
\small МОСКВА \\ \number\year\normalsize
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}

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%                     ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ/                       %
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\setcounter{page}{2}
\tableofcontents  
\newpage

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%                 Список аббревиатур/                   %
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\newpage
\phantomsection
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Список аббревиатур}
\section*{Список аббревиатур}
\label{sec:abbreviations}

\DTLnewdb{acronyms}
\addacronym{ИП}{Импульсная последовательность}
\addacronym{КТ}{Компьютерная томография}

% Display the contents of the database
\begin{abbreviations}
\DTLforeach*{acronyms}{\thisAcronym=Acronym,\thisDesc=Description}{%
  \item[\thisAcronym] \thisDesc
}
\end{abbreviations}

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%                /Список аббревиатур                    %
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%                     ВВЕДЕНИЕ/                         %
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\newpage
\phantomsection
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{ВВЕДЕНИЕ}
\section*{\centering ВВЕДЕНИЕ}
\label{sec:introduction}

Тут текст введения!

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%                    /ВВЕДЕНИЕ                          %
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%                 Литературный обзор/                   %
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\newpage
\section{Литературный обзор}

\subsection{Основы основ}

\subsubsection{Небольшие подосновы}

Тут текст литобзора! \cite{vonder2021latest, ambrosini2012pet}

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%                /Литературный обзор                    %
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%                 Материалы и методы/                   %
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\newpage
\section{Материалы и методы}

\subsection{Эксперименальная установка}

Тут текст материалов и методов! 

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%                /Материалы и методы                    %
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%                     Результаты/                       %
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\newpage
\section{Результаты}

Результаты тут!

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%                    /Результаты                        %
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%                       ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ/                     %
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\newpage
\phantomsection
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ}
\section*{\centering ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ}
\label{sec:conclusion}

Тут текст заключения! 

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%                      /ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ                      %
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%                      Библиография/                    %
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\newpage
\bibliographystyle{ugost2008}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\@biblabel}[1]{#1.}
\makeatother
\phantomsection
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ}
\bibliography{References.bib}
\label{sec:bibliography}

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%                     /Библиография                     %
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\end{document}