#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    while(n--) {
        long long a, b;
        cin >> a>>b;
        long long res = 0;
        for(long long i = 32; i >= 0; i--) {
            if((a & (1LL << i)) == (b & (1LL << i))) {
                res |= (a & (1LL << i));
            }
            else {
                break;
            }
        }
        cout << res << endl;
    }
    
   return 0;
}